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Antibody-drug conjugate
Antibody-drug conjugates or ADCs are a new class of highly potent biopharmaceutical drugs designed as a targeted therapy for the treatment of people with cancer.〔Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Guided Missiles Deployed Against Cancerous Cells()〕〔What are ADCs? "ADC Review / Journal of Antibody-drug Conjugates", - June 1, 2013 ()〕〔The Next Advancements in Cancer Drug Development: Antibody-Drug Conjugates - ''Onco'Zine - The International Cancer Network'', June 14, 2012 ()〕〔(Antibody Drug Conjugates: A Marriage of Biologics and Small Molecules - Pharmaceutical Technology ). Pharmtech.findpharma.com. Retrieved on 2010-11-20.〕 ADCs are complex molecules composed of an antibody (a whole mAb or an antibody fragment such as a single-chain variable fragment ()) linked, via a stable, chemical, linker with labile bonds, to a biological active cytotoxic (anticancer) payload or drug.〔(Antibody-Drug Conjugates Stage a Comeback )〕 Antibody Drug Conjugates are examples of bioconjugates and immunoconjugates.
By combining the unique targeting capabilities of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer-killing ability of cytotoxic drugs, antibody-drug conjugates allow sensitive discrimination between healthy and diseased tissue. This means that, in contrast to traditional chemotherapeutic agents, antibody-drug conjugates target and attack the cancer cell so that healthy cells are less severely affected.
==Mechanism of action==
In developing antibody-drug conjugates, an anticancer drug (e.g. a cell toxin or cytotoxin) is coupled to an antibody that specifically targets a certain tumor marker (e.g. a protein that, ideally, is only to be found in or on tumor cells). Antibodies track these proteins down in the body and attach themselves to the surface of cancer cells. The biochemical reaction between the antibody and the target protein (antigen) triggers a signal in the tumor cell, which then absorbs or internalizes the antibody together with the cytotoxin. After the ADC is internalized, the cytotoxic drug is released and kills the cancer. Due to this targeting, ideally the drug has lower side effects and gives a wider therapeutic window than other chemotherapeutic agents. These advantages have led to ADC technologies being featured in many publications, notably the New York Times,〔(), Pollack A. May 31, 2012. In print on June 1, 2012, on page B1 of the New York edition with the headline: A One-Two Punch.〕〔(), Published June 3, 2012〕 as well as numerous scientific journals.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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